### Course

19S1 D. Anselmi
Theories of gravitation

Program

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### Book

D. Anselmi
From Physics To Life

A journey to the infinitesimally small and back

In English and Italian

Available on Amazon:
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IT: book | ebook  (in IT)

### Recent Papers

Consider a functional integral
$\mathcal{I}=\int [\mathrm{d}\varphi ]\hspace{0.02in}\exp \left( -S(\varphi)+\int J\left( \varphi -bU\right) \right) ,$
where $U(\varphi ,bJ)$ is a local function of $\varphi$ and $J$, and $b$ is a constant. Then there exists a perturbatively local change of variables
$\varphi =\varphi (\varphi ^{\prime },b,bJ)=\varphi ^{\prime }+\mathcal{O}(b),$
expressed as a series expansion in $b$, such that
$\mathcal{I}=\int [\mathrm{d}\varphi ^{\prime }]\hspace{0.02in}\exp \left( -S^{\prime }(\varphi ^{\prime },b)+\int J\varphi ^{\prime }\right) ,$
where $S^{\prime }(\varphi ^{\prime },b)=S(\varphi (\varphi^{\prime },b,0))$.

Proof

Make the change of variables

in the functional integral. The functional measure is invariant, since we are treating (1) perturbatively in $b$. Call $\varphi=f_{1}(\varphi _{1},b)$ the inverse of (1) at $J=0$. We can write
$S(\varphi )=S(f_{1}(\varphi _{1},b))+b^{2}\int JU_{1},$
for a suitable local function $U_{1}(\varphi _{1},bJ,b)$. Then we have
$\mathcal{I}=\int [\mathrm{d}\varphi _{1}]\hspace{0.02in}\exp \left( -S_{1}(\varphi _{1},b)+\int J\left( \varphi _{1}-b^{2}U_{1}\right) \right)$
where $S_{1}(\varphi _{1},b)=S(f_{1}(\varphi _{1},b))$. At this point, we are in the same situation we started with, but $U$ is replaced by $bU_{1}$, which is one order of $b$ higher. Repeating the step made above, we make the change of variables $\varphi _{2}=\varphi_{1}-b^{2}U_{1}$ and get
$\mathcal{I}=\int [\mathrm{d}\varphi _{2}]\hspace{0.02in}\exp \left( -S_{2}(\varphi _{2},b)+\int J\left( \varphi _{2}-b^{3}U_{2}\right) \right),$
where $S_{2}(\varphi _{2},b)=S_{1}(f_{2}(\varphi _{2},b),b)$, $\varphi _{1}=f_{2}(\varphi _{2},b)$ is the inverse of $\varphi_{2}=\varphi _{1}-b^{2}U_{1}$ at $J=0$ and $U_{2}(\varphi _{2},bJ,b)$ is a local function. Proceeding indefinitely like this, we prove the theorem. $\Box$

This theorem was proved in

D. Anselmi, A general field-covariant formulation of quantum field theory,
12A1 Renorm
Eur.Phys.J. C73 (2013) 2338 | DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-013-2338-5
and arXiv:1205.3279 [hep-th]

It is useful to convert the functional integral back to the conventional form (the one where the integrand depends on $J$ only via the term $\int J\varphi$ in the exponent) after a generic change of integration field-variables.

Quantum Gravity

### Book

14B1 D. Anselmi
Renormalization

Course on renormalization, taught in Pisa in 2015. (More chapters will be added later.)

Last update: May 9th 2015, 230 pages

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Contents:
Preface
1. Functional integral
2. Renormalization
3. Renormalization group
4. Gauge symmetry
5. Canonical formalism
6. Quantum electrodynamics
7. Non-Abelian gauge field theories
Notation and useful formulas
References

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